A meningitis outbreak has raised concerns as five students in Kerala, India, have shown symptoms of the illness, while in Nigeria, the disease has claimed at least 26 lives. Since January, Nigeria’s Kebbi state has recorded 200 suspected cases.
In Kerala, two children, aged seven and eight, were admitted to private hospitals in Kochi with confirmed cerebral meningitis. Three more students from the same private school in Ernakulam are also exhibiting symptoms. Health officials have sent their samples for testing and are closely monitoring the situation. As a precaution, the school has been temporarily shut down, and authorities have advised those in close contact with the affected students to wear masks.
What is Meningitis?
Meningitis is a serious condition characterized by inflammation of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, as well as non-infectious conditions such as cancer or head injuries. Prompt antibiotic treatment is often necessary to prevent severe complications.
Risk Factors for Meningitis
Certain factors can increase the risk of developing meningitis, including:
- Children under five years old, as they account for a majority of bacterial meningitis cases.
- Individuals with weakened immune systems due to conditions like HIV or cancer.
- Living in crowded environments, such as dormitories.
- A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.
- Absence of a spleen.
- Residence in or travel to regions with high rates of meningitis-causing infections.
- Chronic infections, including pneumonia and ear or nasal infections.
- History of head injuries.
- Sickle cell disease.
Symptoms of Meningitis
Meningitis symptoms vary between infants, children, and adults. Common symptoms include:
- Severe headache and fever.
- Stiff neck.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Small rash-like spots.
- Sensitivity to light.
- Confusion or disorientation.
- Extreme fatigue or drowsiness.
- Loss of appetite.
Preventing Meningitis
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends vaccination to prevent common bacterial meningitis strains. The Hib, pneumococcal, and meningococcal vaccines can help prevent bacterial meningitis, while the MMR and varicella vaccines can protect against viral meningitis.
Additionally, doctors advise regular handwashing, avoiding the sharing of personal items with infected individuals, maintaining a healthy diet, and getting enough rest to strengthen the immune system. Drinking clean, filtered water and consuming hygienically prepared food can also reduce the risk of infection.