Despite progress in reducing global deaths from diarrhea, it remains a leading cause of death for children under five and the elderly, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
A recent study in The Lancet Infectious Diseases reported that diarrhea caused 1.2 million deaths worldwide in 2021—a significant drop from 2.9 million deaths in 1990, representing a 60% reduction. This comprehensive analysis, part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) initiative led by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), highlights the impact of interventions such as oral rehydration therapy (ORS), improved sanitation, and rotavirus vaccinations.
Children Under Five and the Elderly Are Most at Risk
The study revealed that children under five experienced the most significant reduction in deaths due to targeted health measures, but they still account for the highest mortality rates globally. Sub-Saharan Africa is the worst affected, with over 150 deaths per 100,000 children under five. In South Asia, the elderly are most vulnerable, with 476 deaths per 100,000 people aged 70 and older.
The findings underscore that diarrhea is a major killer across all age groups, especially in vulnerable populations like young children and the elderly. The study emphasizes the need for preventive measures to address key risk factors and tackle infection-causing microbes.
A Call for Action: Vaccines, Sanitation, and ORS
Dr. Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, co-author of the study, highlighted the importance of a multipronged approach to combat diarrhea. “Our analysis provides insights to help decision-makers focus on evidence-based strategies,” said Dr. Kyu. She emphasized solutions like ORS, improved sanitation, and expanding vaccine coverage. Simplifying vaccines by combining them into a single formulation could make them more accessible by lowering costs and easing immunization schedules.
ORS: A Life-Saving Solution
Oral rehydration salts (ORS) remain the cornerstone of effective diarrhea treatment. Dr. Mohsin Wali, a consultant at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, stressed the importance of choosing the right ORS. He warned against using sugary drinks during diarrhea episodes, as they lack the critical glucose-sodium and potassium balance needed for effective rehydration. Instead, he recommended WHO-approved ORS formulations specifically designed to manage dehydration.
The study concluded that focusing on improving sanitation, expanding vaccine availability, and educating the public on proper ORS use can significantly reduce the global burden of diarrhea, saving countless lives.
Source of Information: https://www.indiatoday.in/health/story/diarrhea-is-a-leading-killer-of-children-under-5-adults-above-70-lancet-study-2652509-2024-12-19
