TISHHA NEWS
China is currently facing a rise in respiratory illnesses, with Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) emerging as a key concern. While no state of emergency has been declared, health authorities have implemented protocols to monitor and address unknown pathogens since December 2024.
A Reuters report highlighted the surge in respiratory infections, including influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Covid-19, and now HMPV. In response, China’s disease control authority has piloted a monitoring system specifically for pneumonia of unknown origin, anticipating an increase in infections during winter and spring. HMPV cases have been rising in northern provinces, particularly among children under 14.
Although there have been social media reports of overcrowded hospitals and emergency measures, no official confirmation of such actions has been made. HMPV, first identified in 2001, belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, closely related to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). It typically causes mild symptoms like cough, sore throat, and runny nose, but can lead to severe complications in young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals, including pneumonia and bronchitis.
HMPV and the Covid-19 virus differ in viral families, but they share similarities in terms of transmission, symptoms, and vulnerable groups. While Covid-19 has vaccines and antiviral treatments like Paxlovid, there are no specific vaccines or effective treatments for HMPV. Both viruses spread via respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces.
A study in Virology Journal in April 2024 observed a rise in HMPV cases in Henan, China, following the Covid-19 pandemic. Between April and June 2023, frequent hospital admissions were linked to the virus. As China braces for more respiratory infections, experts urge for continued monitoring and transparent communication.
In India, the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) has confirmed no HMPV cases. Dr. Atul Goyal, NCDC director, reassured the public, stating that HMPV causes flu-like symptoms similar to a common cold and there’s no cause for alarm. He emphasized taking general precautions against respiratory infections, like avoiding close contact when sick and using proper hygiene practices.
Dr. Goyal further stated that there had been no significant rise in respiratory outbreaks in India, and hospitals are prepared for seasonal surges. The NCDC continues to monitor respiratory and influenza cases, staying in touch with international agencies.
Despite global fears of another Covid-like crisis, the spread of HMPV in China has not raised alarms in India. Meanwhile, China has defended its transparency in sharing data related to Covid-19 and has stated that it is actively contributing to global origin tracing research.
Learn about HMPV and it’s Symptoms
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infections, first identified in 2001 by scientists in the Netherlands.
Key Facts:
- Vulnerable Groups: Children, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of developing complications from HMPV.
- Transmission: HMPV spreads through close contact with infected individuals or by touching contaminated surfaces.
- Symptoms: The virus typically causes mild cold-like symptoms lasting 2-5 days, which usually resolve on their own.
- Age Group Affected: Most children who contract HMPV are aged 5 or younger, with 5-16% of infected children developing more severe lower respiratory tract infections like pneumonia.
What Causes HMPV?
HMPV is primarily spread person-to-person via respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing or by touching contaminated surfaces like toys and doorknobs. In the U.S., the virus tends to circulate in the winter and spring, coinciding with other respiratory illnesses like RSV and the flu.
Who Is at Risk?
While HMPV can affect individuals of all ages, it is most common in young children and the elderly. In these groups, it is more likely to progress to bronchiolitis, bronchitis, or pneumonia. People with lung diseases like asthma, COPD, or emphysema don’t have an increased risk of contracting the virus, but their symptoms may be more severe if they do get infected. Additionally, people with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or post-organ transplant, are also at higher risk for complications.
Symptoms of HMPV
HMPV often presents with mild upper respiratory symptoms similar to a cold, such as:
- Cough
- Runny nose or nasal congestion
- Sore throat
- Fever
In more severe cases, individuals may experience wheezing, difficulty breathing, and asthma flare-ups. Secondary lower respiratory infections, such as bronchiolitis, bronchitis, or pneumonia, may also occur, requiring further medical attention.
When to See a Doctor?
Most people with mild symptoms of HMPV do not need to see a doctor, as the illness typically resolves on its own with supportive care at home. However, if symptoms worsen and there is shortness of breath, severe cough, or wheezing, it’s important to seek medical care.
How HMPV is Diagnosed?
To diagnose a respiratory infection, a doctor will conduct a physical examination and review the patient’s medical history. If HMPV is suspected, lab tests may be ordered to confirm the virus. In severe hospitalized cases, doctors may perform a bronchoscopy, where a small camera is inserted into the lungs to take a fluid sample for virus testing.
Source of Information: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/human-metapneumovirus-hmpv/symptoms-diagnosis
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