mpox: India has recorded its first suspected case of the virus (formerly known as monkeypox), sparking concern over the spread of this zoonotic disease, which has recently caused outbreaks in several countries. While the suspected case is yet to be confirmed, health authorities are on high alert, taking preventive measures to contain any potential spread.
What is Mpox?
Mpox is a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes the variola virus (responsible for smallpox). First identified in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mpox has historically been a rare illness, predominantly found in Central and West African countries. The disease was initially transmitted to humans from animals such as rodents and non-human primates.
The virus can also spread from person to person through close contact with infected bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, or contaminated objects like bedding or clothing. While its symptoms are similar to those of smallpox, Mpox tends to be less severe, with a lower fatality rate. Nonetheless, it can still lead to serious complications, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
Recent Global Outbreaks
In the past year, there has been a surge in cases of Mpox outside of its endemic regions. Countries in Europe, North America, and parts of Asia have reported cases, leading to global public health concerns. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the global outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in 2022. Most of these cases are linked to close, personal contact between individuals, particularly in high-risk populations.
The Suspected Case in India
The first suspected case of Mpox in India has been reported in Kerala, a southern state that has dealt with multiple public health crises in recent years, including the Nipah virus and COVID-19. The individual, reportedly a young man, exhibited symptoms consistent with Mpox, including fever, headaches, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash that later developed into pustules.
According to local health officials, the patient had recently returned from a trip to a country with confirmed cases of Mpox. Upon arrival, he developed symptoms and was promptly isolated at a local hospital. Health authorities have sent samples for testing to the National Institute of Virology (NIV) in Pune to confirm whether the case is indeed Mpox. As of now, the results are pending.
In response to the suspected case, Kerala’s health department has activated its surveillance system and traced all possible contacts. Those who had close interaction with the patient have been advised to monitor their health and report any symptoms. Kerala’s Health Minister, Veena George, reassured the public that the state is prepared to handle the situation, citing their successful management of previous outbreaks.
Preventive Measures and National Response
Following the suspected case, the Indian government has increased its vigilance at international airports, particularly for travelers arriving from countries with reported Mpox cases. Thermal screening has been reintroduced, and authorities are emphasizing the importance of early detection to prevent widespread transmission.
The central government has also issued guidelines for healthcare professionals on how to identify, manage, and report cases of Mpox. These guidelines include isolating suspected individuals, wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), and following infection control protocols in hospitals.
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is preparing to increase testing capabilities across the country to ensure quick diagnosis. NIV Pune has been designated as the primary testing center for Mpox, but more laboratories are expected to be equipped with the necessary tools to diagnose the virus in the coming weeks.
Symptoms, Treatment, and Vaccination
Mpox typically begins with flu-like symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes, followed by the appearance of a rash that progresses from flat lesions to raised pustules. These pustules eventually scab over and fall off. The incubation period for the virus ranges from 5 to 21 days, making early detection crucial in preventing transmission.
There is no specific treatment for Mpox, but antiviral medications such as tecovirimat, which was developed for smallpox, have shown promise in treating severe cases. Supportive care, such as managing symptoms and preventing secondary infections, plays a critical role in patient recovery.
In terms of prevention, the smallpox vaccine has been found to offer some protection against Mpox due to the close relationship between the two viruses. The WHO recommends vaccination for high-risk groups, particularly healthcare workers and those who have been in close contact with confirmed cases.
Conclusion
The suspected Mpox case in India is a reminder that global health threats can emerge and spread rapidly, requiring coordinated efforts to contain them. While the case is yet to be confirmed, India’s public health infrastructure is already mobilizing to address any potential outbreak. As the world continues to grapple with emerging diseases, the key to managing such risks lies in vigilance, timely intervention, and public awareness. Health authorities in India are urging the public not to panic, emphasizing that the situation is under control and that all necessary steps are being taken to prevent further transmission.
